What are these medications used for?
Leukotriene modifiers (LTMs) are medications designed to block a chemical mediator in our body (leukotrienes) that causes mucous production, swelling of the lining of the sinuses and lungs, spasm of the lungs, and recruitment of cells that contribute to allergic inflammation. Some LTMs work by blocking production of leukotrienes while others block the receptor for the inflammatory mediators.
LTMs are approved to treat both nasal allergies and asthma. LTMs are available in the form of a pill or chewable tablet. There is, however, one LTM that also comes as granules that can be mixed in food for young children.
Currently available LTMs are:
- Montelukast (Singulair)
- Zafirlukast (Accolate)
- Zileuton (Zyflo)
How should you take this medication?
Take this medication exactly as instructed by your physician. LTMs are used as a preventative for allergy or asthma symptoms and therefore should be taken daily.
Adverse reactions, interactions, special warnings
Montelukast (Singulair) is well tolerated, can be taken with most other medications, and has a very good safety profile.
Zafirlukast (Accolate) has been associated with liver damage on rare occasions. If Accolate is taken concurrently with certain other medications, the effects of either drug could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Accolate with the following:
Aspirin
Blood-thinning drugs such as Coumadin
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral)
Erythromycin
Heart and blood pressure medications called calcium channel blockers, including Calan, Cardizem, and Procardia
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theophylline (Theo-Dur, others)
Tolbutamide (Orinase)
Although rare, Zileuton (Zyflo) has been associated with elevations in liver function tests. All patients should have liver functions checked before they start this medication, as well as periodically during its use. If zileuton (Zyflo) is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining zileuton (Zyflo) with the following:
Theophylline
Coumadin
Propranolol
Overall the most common side effects reported for these medications include sinusitis, upper respiratory infection, sinus headache, cough, nosebleeds, headache, tiredness, stomach ache and ear infections.
